英語拓展閱讀：冬奧會與郵票

來源：查字典奧運會網  發布時間： 2016-07-05

  有文字記載的古代奧運會從公元前776年開始，在古希臘最著名的宗教祭祀圣地奧林匹亞每4年舉辦一次，到公元393年結束，共舉辦了293屆，歷時1169年。古代奧運會主要競賽項目有賽跑、摔跤、拳擊、賽馬、賽戰車等10余項。第一位奪得古代奧運會冠軍的是廚師柯諾依波斯，他獲得了第一屆古代奧運會的短跑項目冠軍。公元前4世紀前后，馬其頓入侵希臘，古代奧林匹亞競技會逐漸衰落。公元前146年，羅馬人征服希臘，競技會變成羅馬帝國的地方性競技觀賞會。公元393年，羅馬皇帝狄羅多西一世立基督教為國教，禁止異教活動，奧林匹亞競技會被廢止。公元426年，狄羅多西二世又下令燒毀了奧林匹亞殘存的廟宇。公元522-551年發生的兩次強烈地震，使奧林匹亞遭到徹底毀滅。

  奧運會的舉辦起到了倡導和平的積極作用。為消弭古希臘各城邦之間常常兵戎相見的現象，掌管神殿的祭師們傳達了阿波羅的神諭：各城邦長期混戰，忽視了奧林匹亞祭祀活動，引起了宙斯的極大憤怒。于是各城邦達成協議：在舉行奧林匹亞競技會期間，必須停止一切戰爭，嚴禁任何人把武器帶入奧林匹亞地區；所有道路一律暢通無阻，任人自由往來，不準侮辱和刁難參加盛會的人；不準進行偷盜、搶劫、賣淫等不道德的行為。違背規定的行為被視為對神靈的背叛，將受到懲罰。這就是著名的神圣休戰。它伴隨著古代奧運會延續了1000多年，并對現代奧運會和國際社會產生了深遠影響。

  拓展閱讀：

  The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps came out on January 25th, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.

  During the 4th Winter Olympic Games, a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.

  In the 1950s, this kind of stamps became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.

  Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.

  Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.

  1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics ______.

  A. are the same thing

  B. are different games

  C. are not held in winter

  D. are held in summer

  2. The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world Games ______.

  A. after the year 1936

  B. after the 3rd White Olympics

  C. before the 3rd White Olympics

  D. before the year 1932

  3. Which of the following is true?

  A. Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

  B. Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

  C. All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

  D. Japan cant publish stamps to mark those Games.

  4. ______ appear on the stamps of the White Olympics.

  5. The Winter Olympics is held once ______.

  答案：

  1. A

  解析：文中第一段指出，冬季奧運會也被稱作白色奧運會。

  2. B

  解析：文中第一段末尾指出，從1932年第三屆冬奧會之后，發行郵票紀念大型的世界性綜合運動會成為一種慣例。

  3. C

  解析：文中第三段指出，每個國家都可以發行郵票來紀念運動會。

  4. Different kinds of sports

  解析：文中最后一段中闡述了郵票上印有不同種類的體育項目。

  5. every four years

  解析：根據文中冬季奧運會的舉辦時間可以推斷出，冬奧會每四年舉辦一次。