奧運會項目Q&A：劍術

來源：查字典奧運會網  發布時間： 2016-07-05

  Fencing an Olympic sport? But isnt that what I have in my garden to keep out the dogs?

  Ha! The sport of fencing involves fighting with different types of swords. But actually the two meanings have the same origin from the old French defens, meaning defence.

  Oh, yes, of course. People have been fighting with swords for a long time, havent they?

  Yes, indeed. They discovered some carvings in Egypt showing sword fighting that date from about 1190 BC.

  Really? And when did it become a sport?

  In the 14th or 15th century. Both the Italians and the Germans say they invented fencing.

  For some reason I thought it was the French.

  Thats not surprising because French has been the language of fencing since 1573. A man called Henri de Saint-Didier wrote a document that included most of the terms still used today.

  Such as?

  Well, touch, for example. Its French for touched, and its what a fencer says when hes been hit by his opponents sword.

  Ive heard people say that in English, but they werent talking about fencing.

  Yes, you can say it if someone makes a good point against you in an argument or discussion.

  Speaking of arguments, didnt people use to decide arguments by having sword fights?

  Yes, and they were called duels. They were quite common. People sometimes even got killed.

  Oh! Maybe better to just do it as a sport, then.

  I agree. Fencing is one of the few sports to feature at every modern Olympic Games.

  And whos won the most medals?

  The French have won one more medal than the Italians in total but the Italians have won more gold medals. So theres no way of knowing whos the best.

  Yes there is. They could have a duel!

  Touch!

  擊劍：

  擊劍是從古代劍術決斗中發展起來的一項體育項目，它結合優雅的動作和靈活的戰術，要求運動員神的高度集中和身體的良好協調性，體現出運動員良好的動作和敏捷的反應。早期的擊劍由于缺乏良好的護具，容易對運動員的身體造成創傷，引起流血，重傷，甚至死亡。自從現代擊劍中引入了完善的保護衣具，并采用鈍的劍尖，已經消除了這項運動的危險性，也極大的促進了這項運動在全世界范圍內的傳播。現代擊劍運動是奧運會的傳統項目，擊劍比賽項目男子有花劍、重劍、佩劍，女子有花劍、重劍。

  法國、意大利、俄羅斯、德國、匈牙利在不同時期，都是擊劍強國。引領著世界擊劍運動發展的潮流，并各自代表一個古典的擊劍流派，其基本技術動作和戰術打法風格都有明顯的差異。

  [key words]

  bodywire 電子裁判器

  blade 刃

  hilt 劍柄

  handle 手柄

  en garde 防守

  lunge 刺

  parry 避開

  engage 交鋒

  piste, strip 擊劍場

  epee 重劍

  sabre 佩劍

  foil 花劍