意大利語現(xiàn)在時

　　The Italian present tense (presente) is happening right now. It's a simple tense—that is, the verb form consists of one word only. The present tense of a regular Italian verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem.

　　The present tense of a regular -are verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending -are and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem (-o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano). See the table below for a sample conjugation of amare (to love).

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF AMARE (TO LOVE)
PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	(io) amo (I love)	(noi) amiamo (we love)
II	(tu) ami (you love, familiar)	(voi) amate (you love, familiar)
III	(Lei) ama (you love, formal)	(Loro) amano (you love, formal)
	(lui/lei) ama (he/she loves)	(loro) amano (they love)

The infinitive of first-conjugation Italian verbs (those ending in -are) and the conjugated forms of the present tense are pronounced like most Italian words: the stress falls on the next-to-last syllable. The one exception is the third person plural form amano, which is pronounced AH-mah-noh, with stress falling on the first syllable. A few first-conjugation verbs are listed in the following table.

COMMON FIRST-CONJUGATION VERBS
accendere	to put out, extinguish
arrivare	to arrive
ascoltare	to listen
aspettare	to wait
ballare	to dance
camminare	to walk
cantare	to sing
dimenticare	to forget
guidare	to drive
imparare	to learn
insegnare	to teach
lavorare	to work
nuotare	to swim
parlare	to speak
pranzare	to dine, to have lunch
suonare	to play (a musical instrument)
telefonare	to telephone
visitare	to visit

Italian verbs with infinitives ending in -ere are called second-conjugation (seconda coniugazione) or -ere verbs. The present tense of a regular -ere verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings (-o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ete, -ono) to the stem. For an example on how to conjugate a regular second-conjugation verb, take a look the following table.

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF SCRIVERE (TO WRITE)
PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	(io) scrivo (I write)	(noi) scriviamo (we write)
II	(tu) scrivi (you write, familiar)	(voi) scrivete (you write, familiar)
III	(Lei) scrive (you write, formal)	(Loro) scrivono (you write, formal)
	(lui/lei) scrive (he/she writes)	(loro) scrivono (they write)

Second-conjugation (-ere) verbs account for approximately one-quarter of all Italian verbs. Although many have some sort of irregular structure, there are also many regular verbs (see the following table for examples) which are conjugated in the same way as scrivere.

COMMON SECOND-CONJUGATION VERBS
accendere	to put out, extinguish
battere	to beat, to hit
cadere	to fall
chiedere	to ask
conoscere	to know
correre	to run
credere	to believe
descrivere	to describe
eleggere	to elect
leggere	to read
mettere	to put, to place
mordere	to bite
nascere	to be born
offendere	to offend
perdere	to lose
rimanere	to remain, to stay
ridere	to laugh
rompere	to break
vendere	to sell
sopravvivere	to survive

While the infinitive forms of both first- and third-conjugation Italian verbs always have the accent on the final -are or -ire, second-conjugation verbs are often pronounced with the accent on the third-to-last syllable, as in prendere (PREHN-deh-ray).

　　If there are first-conjugation and second-conjugation verbs, then it stands to reason there are third-conjugation verbs (terza coniugazione)! This final group contains verbs that end in -ire in the infinitive. The present tense of a regular -ire verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the appropriate endings (-o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ite, -ono) to the resulting stem. Note that, except for the voi form, these endings are the same as for regular second-conjugation (-ere) verbs. For an example of how to conjugate a regular -ire verb, see the table below, which conjugates sentire (to hear, to feel, to smell).

PRESENT TENSE CONJUGATION OF SENTIRE (TO HEAR, TO FEEL, TO SMELL)
PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
I	(io) sento (I feel)	(noi) sentiamo (we feel)
II	(tu) senti (you feel, familiar)	(voi) sentite (you feel, familiar)
III	(Lei) sente (you feel, formal)	(Loro) sentono (you feel, formal)
	(lui/lei) sente (he/she feels)	(loro) sentono (they feel)

Other common -ire third-conjugation regular verbs are listed below.

COMMON THIRD-CONJUGATION VERBS
acconsentire	to agree, to acquiesce
assorbire	to soak
aprire	to open
bollire	to boil
coprire	to cover
cucire	to sew
dormire	to sleep
fuggire	to flee
mentire	to lie
morire	to die
offrire	to offer
partire	to leave
riaprire	to reopen
scoprire	to discover, to uncover
sequire	to follow
sentire	to hear, to feel, to smell
servire	to serve
sfuggire	to escape
soffrire	to suffer
vestire	to dress, to wear

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