A. ? verbs 動詞

　　All verb stems ending in ? are irregular in that the ? drops when followed by ?/?, ?/?, or ?.

　　? Drops 脫落 ? Remains 不脫落

　　B. ?動詞

　　In some ? verbs, ? changes to ? when followed by a vowel.

　　?變化成?

　　Descriptive Verbs描述的, 敘述的動詞

　　變成 ? Change to ? ? Remains ?不脫落

　　?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　??? ??? ? ? ?

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　C. ?/? 交替動詞

　　In some verbs with the stem ending in ?, ? changes to ? when a vowel suffix such as ?/?, ??, or ?? follows. ? remains when a consonant suffix follows.

　　(1) With vowel suffixes有元音后綴詞尾

　　?

　　(past verbal modifier)過去式動詞口語

　　?/?

　　(past) 過去式 ?? (honorific)敬語 ??

　　(if) 如果；假如 ??

　　(in order to) 為了

　　?? to hear ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　?? to walk ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　?? to ask ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　(2) With consonant suffixes

　　? (nominalizer)使轉變為名詞, 使名詞化

　　? (future) 未來 ? (present verbal modifier) 現在的口語形容詞

　　?? to hear ?? ??? ??

　　?? to walk ?? ??? ??

　　?? to ask ?? ??? ??

　　(3) The regular verbs that do not alternate include ?? "to receive," ?? "to obtain," and ?? "to close."

　　Alternating verbs 交替動詞

　　Nonalternating verbs 非交替動詞

　　?? "to be warm" ?? "to catch"

　　??? "to be difficult" ?? "to fold"

　　???? "to be beautiful" ?? "to pick up"

　　??? "to be hot" ?? "to dress"

　　??? "to be merry" ?? "to select"

　　??? "to be afraid" ?? "to carry one one’s back"