A. ? verbs 動(dòng)詞

　　All verb stems ending in ? are irregular in that the ? drops when followed by ?/?, ?/?, or ?.

　　? Drops 脫落 ? Remains 不脫落

　　B. ?動(dòng)詞

　　In some ? verbs, ? changes to ? when followed by a vowel.

　　?變化成?

　　Descriptive Verbs描述的, 敘述的動(dòng)詞

　　變成 ? Change to ? ? Remains ?不脫落

　　?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

　　??? ??? ? ? ?

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??

　　?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???

　　C. ?/? 交替動(dòng)詞

　　In some verbs with the stem ending in ?, ? changes to ? when a vowel suffix such as ?/?, ??, or ?? follows. ? remains when a consonant suffix follows.

　　(1) With vowel suffixes有元音后綴詞尾

　　?

　　(past verbal modifier)過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞口語(yǔ)

　　?/?

　　(past) 過(guò)去式 ?? (honorific)敬語(yǔ) ??

　　(if) 如果；假如 ??

　　(in order to) 為了

　　?? to hear ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　?? to walk ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　?? to ask ?? ??? ??? ??? ???

　　(2) With consonant suffixes

　　? (nominalizer)使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~, 使名詞化

　　? (future) 未來(lái) ? (present verbal modifier) 現(xiàn)在的口語(yǔ)形容詞

　　?? to hear ?? ??? ??

　　?? to walk ?? ??? ??

　　?? to ask ?? ??? ??

　　(3) The regular verbs that do not alternate include ?? "to receive," ?? "to obtain," and ?? "to close."

　　Alternating verbs 交替動(dòng)詞

　　Nonalternating verbs 非交替動(dòng)詞

　　?? "to be warm" ?? "to catch"

　　??? "to be difficult" ?? "to fold"

　　???? "to be beautiful" ?? "to pick up"

　　??? "to be hot" ?? "to dress"

　　??? "to be merry" ?? "to select"

　　??? "to be afraid" ?? "to carry one one’s back"